Background
PASSIVE COOLING FOR HOUSES ON WATER IN BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
This study examines some basic principles about passive heating / cooling in stilted buildings on land. These buildings are located in Brunei, which is bordered by Malaysia in Southeast Asia. The climate is (much like the Amazonian climate) hot and humid with temperatures consistently ranging from 24C-32C and humidity rarely below 60%. Prevailing passive cooling strategies include primarily natural ventilation, as the average temperature is not quite high enough for evaporative cooling. There is also the possibility of using indirect cooling, assuming one could provide consistent power. In speaking about cross-ventilation, stilted houses are mentioned along with their ability to accept air flow above and below the structure. But there is a suggested relationship between water proximity and effectiveness of the passive system, where efficiency decreases as proximity decreases.
Time Series Analyses of Suspended Sediment Concentrations at North Inlet, South Carolina
It stands to reason that characteristics like turbidity and suspended sediment in a body of water would have a significant impact on its temperature and, in turn, its thermal interactions past its shores. This study, which takes place in the at an inlet in South Carolina, breaks the body of water into three groups that have a variety of characteristics to be measured. Temperature, flow rate, flow direction, depth, and suspended particle content are the variables that require attention. Longitudinal studies reference data from recent years in the delineation of a trend. There are cyclical fluctuations in temperature that correlate with tide changes, suggesting that temperature is more closely related to turbidity than other characteristics.
This study examines some basic principles about passive heating / cooling in stilted buildings on land. These buildings are located in Brunei, which is bordered by Malaysia in Southeast Asia. The climate is (much like the Amazonian climate) hot and humid with temperatures consistently ranging from 24C-32C and humidity rarely below 60%. Prevailing passive cooling strategies include primarily natural ventilation, as the average temperature is not quite high enough for evaporative cooling. There is also the possibility of using indirect cooling, assuming one could provide consistent power. In speaking about cross-ventilation, stilted houses are mentioned along with their ability to accept air flow above and below the structure. But there is a suggested relationship between water proximity and effectiveness of the passive system, where efficiency decreases as proximity decreases.
Time Series Analyses of Suspended Sediment Concentrations at North Inlet, South Carolina
It stands to reason that characteristics like turbidity and suspended sediment in a body of water would have a significant impact on its temperature and, in turn, its thermal interactions past its shores. This study, which takes place in the at an inlet in South Carolina, breaks the body of water into three groups that have a variety of characteristics to be measured. Temperature, flow rate, flow direction, depth, and suspended particle content are the variables that require attention. Longitudinal studies reference data from recent years in the delineation of a trend. There are cyclical fluctuations in temperature that correlate with tide changes, suggesting that temperature is more closely related to turbidity than other characteristics.
Time series plot of selected parameters (air temperature, water temperature, streamflow and precipitation) and study periods for both Catamaran Brook and Little Southwest Miramichi River.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/hyp.8021?casa_token=zxyx9tv5V9YAAAAA%3ALeWE02KWJFD9YJfaRXo9r24NE5Q-x-gSwJPSEdO6UfPyw7Rt0mQLcd5HYUHThrEeEbRqsbu010QyuVI |
Thermal comfort conditions in and around measured Lantings
http://www.ipcbee.com/vol100/rp011_ICCCH2017-S3002.pdf Water temperature following a cyclical pattern over a number of years, related to tidal changes and turbidity.
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.2307/1351900.pdf |
Study of stream temperature dynamics and corresponding heat fluxes within Miramichi River catchments (New Brunswick, Canada)
Bodies of water situate themselves in their context and have a large thermal presence in and around their perimeter. These effects are made possible by waters inherent thermal properties like specific heat and heat capacity. The heating / cooling of water is impacted by radiation (both long and short wave) as well as air flow. In this study, variables like air flow/temperature, water temperature, streamflow, and forest cover are measured in an attempt to estimate heat fluctuations at the surface level. Graphics communicate cyclical variations in all of the above characteristics. The study determined that in large river basins, surface temperature is the most affected outcome with the change in variables. This does not remain true as basin size decreases, where the change more directly impacts riverbed characteristics and has a smaller impact on the microclimate existing above / around the body of water. There are also remarks made about the lack of data concerning forest cover and its long wave heat radiation affecting thermal readings in water / forest adjacent dwellings.
Thermally Active Surfaces in Architecture
There are smaller scale systems that utilize water and its potential for conditioning space already in existence. In this piece, Moe talks about how thermally active surfaces work more efficiently than thermally controlled volumes in regulating thermal properties of a space. Rather than pumping a room full of cold air, it is more efficient to cool the walls of the enclosed space and let them act as heat sinks to funnel thermal energy out of a space. Often the walls are cooled with strategically placed pipes to carry water near their surface and change their temperature. This aligned with the way I was looking to test the cooling potential of a body of water, but exists at a much smaller scale.
Analysis of thermal comfort SNI-6390 in the Lanting (floating house), Banjarmasin-Indonesia
This study compiles temperature data in floating houses, called Lantings, in Indonesia. With cross ventilation and heat transfer directly from water being the primary ways of moderating heat gain / loss, they were interested in calling out when thermal comfort standards would be met inside and immediately outside the building. This included taking temperature and humidity data, as well as interviewing occupants in a handful of these homes. The quantitative data pointed to indoor thermal comfort occurring only 11 hours per day, from 9pm-8am. Outdoor comfort occurred in an even slimmer window of the day, only a couple hours in the day and night.
Bodies of water situate themselves in their context and have a large thermal presence in and around their perimeter. These effects are made possible by waters inherent thermal properties like specific heat and heat capacity. The heating / cooling of water is impacted by radiation (both long and short wave) as well as air flow. In this study, variables like air flow/temperature, water temperature, streamflow, and forest cover are measured in an attempt to estimate heat fluctuations at the surface level. Graphics communicate cyclical variations in all of the above characteristics. The study determined that in large river basins, surface temperature is the most affected outcome with the change in variables. This does not remain true as basin size decreases, where the change more directly impacts riverbed characteristics and has a smaller impact on the microclimate existing above / around the body of water. There are also remarks made about the lack of data concerning forest cover and its long wave heat radiation affecting thermal readings in water / forest adjacent dwellings.
Thermally Active Surfaces in Architecture
There are smaller scale systems that utilize water and its potential for conditioning space already in existence. In this piece, Moe talks about how thermally active surfaces work more efficiently than thermally controlled volumes in regulating thermal properties of a space. Rather than pumping a room full of cold air, it is more efficient to cool the walls of the enclosed space and let them act as heat sinks to funnel thermal energy out of a space. Often the walls are cooled with strategically placed pipes to carry water near their surface and change their temperature. This aligned with the way I was looking to test the cooling potential of a body of water, but exists at a much smaller scale.
Analysis of thermal comfort SNI-6390 in the Lanting (floating house), Banjarmasin-Indonesia
This study compiles temperature data in floating houses, called Lantings, in Indonesia. With cross ventilation and heat transfer directly from water being the primary ways of moderating heat gain / loss, they were interested in calling out when thermal comfort standards would be met inside and immediately outside the building. This included taking temperature and humidity data, as well as interviewing occupants in a handful of these homes. The quantitative data pointed to indoor thermal comfort occurring only 11 hours per day, from 9pm-8am. Outdoor comfort occurred in an even slimmer window of the day, only a couple hours in the day and night.
Sources
Adenan, R. H. (2013). Passive cooling for houses on water in Brunei Darussalam. In PLEA.
Gardner, L.R., Thombs, L., Edwards, D. et al. Time series analyses of suspended sediment concentrations at North Inlet, South Carolina. Estuaries 12, 211–221 (1989). https://doi.org/10.2307/1351900
Hebert, C., Caissie, D., Satish, M.G. and El-Jabi, N. (2011), Study of stream temperature dynamics and corresponding heat fluxes within Miramichi River catchments (New Brunswick, Canada). Hydrol. Process., 25: 2439-2455. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8021
Moe, K. (2010). Thermally Active Surfaces in Architecture. Princeton Architectural Press.
Rahman, A. (2017). Analysis of thermal comfort SNI-6390 in the Lanting (floating house), Banjarmasin-Indonesia. Analysis of thermal comfort SNI-6390 in the Lanting (floating house), Banjarmasin-Indonesia, 100.
Gardner, L.R., Thombs, L., Edwards, D. et al. Time series analyses of suspended sediment concentrations at North Inlet, South Carolina. Estuaries 12, 211–221 (1989). https://doi.org/10.2307/1351900
Hebert, C., Caissie, D., Satish, M.G. and El-Jabi, N. (2011), Study of stream temperature dynamics and corresponding heat fluxes within Miramichi River catchments (New Brunswick, Canada). Hydrol. Process., 25: 2439-2455. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8021
Moe, K. (2010). Thermally Active Surfaces in Architecture. Princeton Architectural Press.
Rahman, A. (2017). Analysis of thermal comfort SNI-6390 in the Lanting (floating house), Banjarmasin-Indonesia. Analysis of thermal comfort SNI-6390 in the Lanting (floating house), Banjarmasin-Indonesia, 100.